Keyboard Operability

Keyboard operability refers to the ability to use all features and navigate digital content (websites, software, applications) entirely via the keyboard, without requiring a mouse or touch interface. This is a crucial requirement for:

• People with motor disabilities who cannot use a mouse
• People who are blind or have severe visual impairments, relying on screen readers
• Users who prefer or need assistive technologies such as alternative input devices (e.g., sip-and-puff systems, mouth sticks)

A fully keyboard-operable website allows the user to:

• Move through menus, forms, buttons, modals, and sliders using the Tab, Arrow, Enter, and Space keys
• Access all content and interactions (including dropdowns, pop-ups, etc.) without getting stuck
• See clear visual focus indicators that show where they are on the page

Keyboard operability is a fundamental requirement under standards like WCAG 2.1 (Success Criterion 2.1.1) and the BITV 2.0 in Germany. It ensures equal digital participation and is part of legal accessibility compliance.

Testing for keyboard operability involves navigating a site using only the keyboard, identifying any elements that cannot be accessed or operated.